Water management in urban areas includes wastewater control and developing efficient drainage systems. Developing the maps of areas with potential of flood-inundation could be an appropriate tool for urban planning and urban developing strategies. Vulnerability analysis of different urban areas is a complex process because it depends on several spatial and temporal parameters and criteria. The purpose of this research is to prepare flood hazard maps to determine more accurate decisions in urban flood management using a combination of multi-criteria decision making and geographic information system (GIS) as a planning support system (PSS). The final flood hazard map shows that regions in the southeastern of the study area have a high hazard with regarding to the flood potential map. It should be mentioned that these regions are located in low-land (with low elevation) areas that their slope are less than 2.5 percent. In addition, in order to evaluate the spatial multi criteria decision making model, the capability of spatial modeling by an intelligent model, artificial neural network, is assessed. The advantages of using the SMCDM (Spatial Multi Criteria Decision Making) model in developing flood management strategies are discussed using the case study.

Background: Nowadays, the context of social life requires accurate planning and promotion of organizational performance using appropriate methods. There are different models to measure various factors affecting organizational performance. The aim of this study was to determine optimal urban waste management strategies in Meshgin Shahr, Iran. Methods: The present descriptive-analytical survey research utilized the SWOT analysis to identify and formulate optimal urban waste management strategies. After determination of strengths (S), weaknesses (W), opportunities (O) and threats (T) by the SWOT analysis, the TOWS matrix was used to extract all possible SO, WO, ST and WT strategies, which were then prioritized by QSPM approach based on their attractiveness scores (AS). Results: Fifteen items were identified in each internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats factors. Based on the results, the municipal waste management has been relatively strong towards internal factors. However, it has not been able to seize opportunities and deal with threats. The first and second priorities were WT1 and WO1 strategies, respectively. In WT1, AS was equal to12. 15 and a plan was developed to establish a sanitary landfill management system at the landfill. In WO1, AS was equal to10. 86 and a plan was defined to establish a plant fertilizer of high volume of perishable materials to reduce the waste volume. Conclusion: Our results highlighted the need for using defined strategies to reduce internal weaknesses and external threats to take advantage of opportunities. Therefore, the results revealed that the SWOT matrix as well as the QSPM approach can be utilized simultaneously as an integrated method for formulating, evaluating and prioritizing strategies.

Urbanisation by decreasing in pervious areas would result in increase in the risk of flood inundation and cause more discharge of pollutants into receiving water bodies. This paper presents the management of urban flood hazard in terms of inundation and pollutants discharge into receiving water bodies using a combination of the conventional and novel techniques. Conventional techniques include increasing the dimension of conduits as well as decreasing their roughness. Novel techniques on the other hand include bioretention systems, pervious pavements, infiltration trenches, and detention ponds in urban drainage networks. In this study the multi-objective optimization model is developed using multi-objective genetic algorithm coupled with a simulation model of urban drainage system using SWMM software. The objectives are to minimize the economic cost, the inundation flood hazard, and the expected pollution reaching the receiving waters. Pollution control consider pollutants of TSS, TN, and TP. The suggested methodology was applied to a case study for the urban drainage system of Golestan city in Tehran Province. Results indicated that applying the optimal methods can considerably decrease the expected flood and pollutants. Results of Pareto front showed that indirect relation exists between the solutions of optimal control of expected inundation and the optimal control of expected pollutants in receiving water bodies.

Participation is a voluntary and spontaneous process that causes the conflict of different citizen groups to solve issues and problems. The participation of citizens, while it can increase the probability of success of urban plans and projects, can be an effective factor in improving the quality of life in urban environments. This research seeks to provide an optimal model to attract citizens' participation for urban management activities. The present research is of applied type in terms of its purpose, which was carried out according to the quantitative-qualitative nature of the research using the descriptive-analytical method. In this research, firstly, using the exploratory approach and through the grounded theory method, the effective parameters on participation were identified, in the next step, using the fuzzy TOPSIS method, which is one of the methods of multi-criteria decision-making in conditions of uncertainty. The identified dimensions have been measured. The research results showed that in the open coding phase, 37 subcategories and 5 main categories (causal conditions, background conditions, strategies, intervening conditions, consequences) were identified from a total of 58 interviews. Also, based on the results of the research, the interactive and social spirit index of the component of the causal conditions with a score of 0.632 fuzzy weight ranks first among the research indicators.

The examination of the realities of today's world in the field of management of goods and services at different levels indicates that despite global progress and development, problems are becoming more and more complex and more frequent, and the government's failure to direct and more efficient management becomes more apparent. There is also an arena for the emergence and management of the local community, which has, on the one hand, greater participation of the people and local capacities, on the other hand, modern knowledge and communication technologies. People's participation and the use of their indigenous knowledge in the field of urban management, with the formation of local governance and the quaternary approach, is essential in recent decades. Based on this study, the aim of this study was to investigate the existing capacities and potentials in Shahrekord city for the participation of citizens in optimal urban management to achieve this goal by using descriptive-analytical and survey method by completing a questionnaire with a sample size of 100 experts. And specialists in urban affairs. The results of SPSS software analysis on dependent and independent variables showed that local management formation can play an effective role in creating optimal urban management. Also, the results of the research in the form of SWOT analysis indicated that the urban management situation in Shahrekord among the four Offensive, conservative, defensive and invasive. Therefore, according to the results of the research, it can be said that the most important priority for the aggressive strategy is the application of the principles and criteria of local management to guide and meet the needs and metrics of citizenship. In sum, to create and optimize urban management in Shahrekord, the establishment of local governance will have a good effect, which requires the maximum use of available capacities and maximizing the participation of people in Shahrekord neighborhoods.

Purpose: In a city, there are different sectors in operation, and each sector also plays a role in the production of municipal waste, which draws attention to waste management methods. The present study explains a model to identify the factors affecting waste production in Bushehr.Methodology: The main dimensions of the model are taken from the review of the theoretical literature. A dynamic systems approach has also been used to identify urban waste management strategies. First, we identified and modelled the factors affecting municipal waste production with dynamic systems. The reasons for using the dynamic systems approach for this research can also be enumerated as follows: 1) an appropriate approach in determining and predicting the effects of factors affecting waste production, 2) helping to understand the relationships between variables and examining the behaviour and structure of systems, incredibly complex systems (creating a conceptual model), 3) a flexible approach with the ability to analyze quantitatively and qualitatively, 4) the ability to review the system in the future under different scenarios and policies of decision makers and 5) dynamic system models are considered as simulation models; therefore, they have the advantages of using the simulation method over the analysis methods. In the next step, the organization's internal and external factors in urban waste management were performed by referring to the SWOT analysis method, urban waste management strategies in Bushehr.Findings:  The results of the SWOT method showed that the vulnerability threshold of urban waste management in Bushehr is very high, and it is necessary to provide appropriate policies to address weaknesses and threats using strengths and opportunities. In the next step, Mikhailov's nonlinear method was used to rank the four strategies. This approach shows that among SO strategies, increasing awareness and changing citizens' attitudes towards proper waste management is in the first place. Among ST strategies, culturing for recyclable containers weighing 0.51 is in the first place. Employing knowledgeable people for proper waste segregation and disposal among WT strategies, with a weight of 0.57, was ranked first, and finally, the strategy of encouraging the private sector to invest, with a weight equivalent to 0.43 among WO strategies, Ranked first. Pollution from poor waste management in urban areas imposes irreversible health and aesthetic consequences on society. Among the consequences of poor waste management will be a variety of diseases. Environmental issues are also at the top of all human problems.Originality/Value:  In this research, an attempt has been made to examine innovation from three aspects: theoretical, technical and practical gaps, which can be mentioned as the strengths of the current research compared to other research. From a theoretical point of view, it has been tried to conduct a relatively comprehensive study of factors affecting urban waste management to formulate strategies. Also, from the technical point of view, the current research is innovative by focusing on combining fuzzy logic with the dynamic systems modelling approach and the Delphi method. Finally, it has been tried to reduce the practical vacuum of previous research in this field by formulating optimal strategies.

In order to design public and private spaces in cities, urban architects are looking for the implementation of simple and new systems to increase safety in construction sites. Providing suitable physical infrastructure in urban workshops that can guarantee the health and safety of workers, the urban environment and the efficiency of workshop performance is one of the important challenges in designing and equipping construction sites in a safe city. This research has been done with the aim of improving the safety and efficiency of urban workshops using the ant colony optimization algorithm. The research method is descriptive and exploratory and is a case study type. The ant theory algorithm uses a structured solution to solve the problems of workshop arrangement over time, which is done by using heuristic information based on the cost of flow and the cost of movement in different time frames. This algorithm works by determining the dominant relationship between the answers, which is the key parameter for the search algorithm. In order to achieve the final optimal results, a case study is used to verify the proposed model, which can be realized by assuming appropriate parameters. In the case study of the urban construction workshop, four scenarios were determined for safe equipment, and the most optimal design, scenario number 1, was concluded to be the best case for the arrangement of dynamic facilities, considering the minimum cost of 2496.

In this paper, a novel risk-based, two-objective (technical and economical) optimal reactive power dispatch method in a wind-integrated power system is proposed which is more consistent with operational criteria.  The technical objective includes the minimization of the new voltage instability risk index. The economical objective includes cost minimization of reactive power generation and active power loss. The proposed voltage instability risk employs a hybrid possibilistic (Delphi-Fuzzy)-probabilistic approach that takes into consideration the operator’s experience, the wind speed and demand forecast uncertainties when quantifying the risk index. The decision variables are the reactive power resources of the system. To solve the problem, the modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with sine and cosine acceleration coefficients is utilized. The method is implemented on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method is compared with those in the previously published literature, and the results confirm that the proposed risk index is better at estimating the voltage instability risk of the system, especially in cases with severe impact and low probability. In addition, according to the simulation results compared to typical security-based planning, the proposed risk-based planning may increase the security and economy of the system due to better utilization of system resources.